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Element | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Cu(1) | Pb | Zn | Fe | |
(1) Cu + Sum of Named Elements 99.8% min. | ||||
Min (%) | 84.0 | |||
Max (%) | 86.0 | 0.05 | Rem | 0.05 |
Form | Temper | Temper Code | Tensile Strength (ksi) | YS-0.5% Ext (ksi) | Elongation (%) | Rockwell B scale | Rockwell F scale | Rockwell 30T scale | Shear Strength (ksi) | Torsion Modulus (ksi) | Fatigue Strength** (ksi) | Section Size (in) | Cold Work (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Flat Products | 1/2 Hard | H02 | 57 Typ | 49 Typ | 12 Typ | 65 Typ | 60 Typ | 37 Typ | 0.04 | ||||
1/4 Hard | H01 | 49 Typ | 45 Typ | 48 Typ | |||||||||
1/8 Hard | H00 | 43 Typ | 16 Typ | 44 Typ | 66 Typ | 28 Typ | 32 Typ | 0.04 | |||||
As Hot Rolled | M20 | 42 Typ | |||||||||||
Extra Hard | H06 | 78 Typ | 61 Typ | 4 Typ | 83 Typ | 72 Typ | 44 Typ | 0.04 | |||||
Hard | H04 | 70 Typ | 57 Typ | 5 Typ | 77 Typ | 68 Typ | 42 Typ | 6.4 Typ | 20 Typ | 0.04 | |||
Nominal Grain Size 0.015 mm | OS015 | 45 Typ | 18 Typ | 42 Typ | 71 Typ | 38 Typ | 33 Typ | 0.04 | |||||
Nominal Grain Size 0.025 mm | OS025 | 43 Typ | 16 Typ | 44 Typ | 66 Typ | 28 Typ | 32 Typ | 0.04 | |||||
Nominal Grain Size 0.035 mm | OS035 | 41 Typ | 14 Typ | 46 Typ | 63 Typ | 22 Typ | 31 Typ | 0.04 | |||||
Nominal Grain Size 0.050 mm | OS050 | 40 Typ | 12 Typ | 47 Typ | 59 Typ | 14 Typ | 31 Typ | 0.04 | |||||
Nominal Grain Size 0.070 mm | OS070 | 39 Typ | 10 Typ | 48 Typ | 56 Typ | 10 Typ | 31 Typ | 0.04 | |||||
Spring | H08 | 84 Typ | 63 Typ | 3 Typ | 86 Typ | 74 Typ | 46 Typ | 0.04 | |||||
Pipe | Nominal Grain Size 0.015 mm | OS015 | 44 Typ | 18 Typ | 45 Typ | 71 Typ | |||||||
Tube | Hard Drawn | H80 | 70 Typ | 58 Typ | 8 Typ | 77 Typ | 68 Typ | 0.065 | 35 | ||||
Light Drawn, Light Cold Rolled | H55 | 50 Typ | 40 Typ | 30 Typ | 55 Typ | 54 Typ | 0.065 | 15 | |||||
Nominal Grain Size 0.015 mm | OS015 | 44 Typ | 18 Typ | 45 Typ | 71 Typ | 38 Typ | 0.065 | ||||||
Nominal Grain Size 0.050 mm | OS050 | 40 Typ | 12 Typ | 55 Typ | 60 Typ | 15 Typ | 0.065 | ||||||
Wire | 1/2 Hard | H02 | 72 Typ | 8 Typ | 43 Typ | 0.08 | |||||||
1/4 Hard | H01 | 59 Typ | 11 Typ | 38 Typ | 0.08 | ||||||||
1/8 Hard | H00 | 50 Typ | 25 Typ | 35 Typ | 20 Typ | 0.08 | |||||||
Hard | H04 | 88 Typ | 6 Typ | 48 Typ | 0.08 | ||||||||
Nominal Grain Size 0.015 mm | OS015 | 45 Typ | 33 Typ | 0.08 | |||||||||
Nominal Grain Size 0.025 mm | OS025 | 43 Typ | 32 Typ | 0.08 | |||||||||
Nominal Grain Size 0.035 mm | OS035 | 41 Typ | 48 Typ | 31 Typ | 0.08 | ||||||||
Spring | H08 | 105 Typ | 54 Typ | 0.08 | |||||||||
* Measured at room temperature, 68°F (20°C). ** Fatigue Strength: 100 x 106 cycles, unless indicated as [N] x 106. |
Melting Point - Liquidus°F | 1880 |
---|---|
Melting Point - Solidus°F | 1810 |
Densitylb/cu in. at 68°F | 0.316 |
Specific Gravity | 8.75 |
Electrical Conductivity% IACS at 68°F | 37 |
Thermal ConductivityBtu/ sq ft/ ft hr/ °F at 68°F | 92 |
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 68-57210⁻⁶ per °F (68 – 572°F) | 10.4 |
Specific Heat CapacityBtu/ lb /°F at 68°F | 0.09 |
Modulus of Elasticity in Tensionksi | 17000 |
Modulus of Rigidityksi | 6400 |
Technique | Suitability |
---|---|
Soldering | Excellent |
Brazing | Excellent |
Oxyacetylene Welding | Good |
Gas Shielded Arc Welding | Good |
Coated Metal Arc Welding | Not Recommended |
Spot Weld | Fair |
Seam Weld | Not Recommended |
Butt Weld | Good |
Capacity for Being Cold Worked | Excellent |
Capacity for Being Hot Formed | Good |
Machinability Rating | 30 |
Common Fabrication Processes
- Blanking
- Coining
- Drawing
- Etching
- Forming and Bending
- Heading and Upsetting
- Piercing and Punching
- Roll Threading and Knurling
- Shearing
- Spinning
- Squeezing and Swaging
- Stamping
Treatment | Minimum* | Maximum* | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
* Temperature is measured in Fahrenheit. | |||||
Annealing | 800 | 1350 | |||
Hot Treatment | 1450 | 1650 |
Product Category | Product | Reason Category | Reason |
---|---|---|---|
Architecture | Etching Parts | Appearance | Appearance |
Etching Parts | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Etching Parts | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Trim | Appearance | Appearance | |
Trim | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Trim | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Weather Strip | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Weather Strip | Corrosion Resistance | Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance | |
Weather Strip | Mechanical Properties | Retention of Spring Properties | |
Builders Hardware | Kick Plates | Appearance | Appearance |
Kick Plates | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Kick Plates | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance to Fresh Water | |
Kick Plates | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance to Salt Water | |
Kick Plates | Corrosion Resistance | Dezincification Resistance | |
Kick Plates | Forming Characteristics | Coinability | |
Kick Plates | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Kick Plates | Mechanical Properties | High Strength | |
Kick Plates | Plating Characteristics | Plateable | |
Consumer | Badges | Appearance | Appearance |
Badges | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Badges | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance to Fresh Water | |
Badges | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance to Salt Water | |
Badges | Corrosion Resistance | Dezincification Resistance | |
Badges | Forming Characteristics | Coinability | |
Badges | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Badges | Mechanical Properties | High Strength | |
Badges | Plating Characteristics | Platability | |
Coinage | Appearance | Appearance | |
Coinage | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Coinage | Forming Characteristics | Coinability | |
Coinage | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Coinage | Plating Characteristics | Plateable | |
Compacts | Appearance | Appearance | |
Compacts | Appearance | Color | |
Compacts | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Compacts | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Compacts | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Costume Jewelry | Appearance | Gold Color | |
Costume Jewelry | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Dials | Appearance | Appearance | |
Dials | Appearance | Color | |
Dials | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Dials | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Fire Extinguisher Cases | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Fire Extinguisher Cases | Corrosion Resistance | Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance | |
Fire Extinguisher Cases | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Fire Extinguisher Cases | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Lipstick Containers | Appearance | Appearance | |
Lipstick Containers | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Lipstick Containers | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Lipstick Containers | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Medallions | Appearance | Appearance | |
Medallions | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Medallions | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance to Sea Water | |
Medallions | Corrosion Resistance | Dezincification Resistance | |
Medallions | Forming Characteristics | Coinability | |
Medallions | Mechanical Properties | High Strength | |
Medallions | Plating Characteristics | Platability | |
Nameplates | Appearance | Appearance | |
Nameplates | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Nameplates | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance to Fresh Water | |
Nameplates | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance to Salt Water | |
Nameplates | Corrosion Resistance | Dezincification Resistance | |
Nameplates | Forming Characteristics | Coinability | |
Nameplates | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Nameplates | Mechanical Properties | High Strength | |
Nameplates | Plating Characteristics | Plateable | |
Plaques | Appearance | Appearance | |
Plaques | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Plaques | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance to Salt Water | |
Plaques | Corrosion Resistance | Dezincification Resistance | |
Plaques | Forming Characteristics | Coinability | |
Plaques | Mechanical Properties | High Strength | |
Plaques | Plating Characteristics | Plateable | |
Rouge Boxes | Appearance | Appearance | |
Rouge Boxes | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Rouge Boxes | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Rouge Boxes | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Tokens | Appearance | Appearance | |
Tokens | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Tokens | Forming Characteristics | Coinability | |
Tokens | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Tokens | Plating Characteristics | Plateable | |
Zippers | Appearance | Appearance | |
Zippers | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Zippers | Forming Characteristics | Cold Workability | |
Electrical | Conduit | Conductivity (Electrical) | Electrical Conductivity |
Conduit | Conductivity (Thermal) | Thermal Conductivity | |
Conduit | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Conduit | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Rotor Bars, AC Motors | Brazing Characteristics | Brazability | |
Rotor Bars, AC Motors | Conductivity (Electrical) | Electrical Resistivity - 37 % IACS | |
Screw Shells | Appearance | Appearance | |
Screw Shells | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Screw Shells | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Screw Shells | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Sockets | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Sockets | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Sockets | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Fasteners | Eyelets | Appearance | Appearance |
Eyelets | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Eyelets | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Eyelets | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Fasteners | Appearance | Appearance | |
Fasteners | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Fasteners | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Fasteners | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Industrial | Condenser Tubes | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance |
Condenser Tubes | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Condenser Tubes | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Condenser Tubes | Welding Characteristics | Weldability | |
Fire Extinguishers | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Fire Extinguishers | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Fire Extinguishers | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Flexible Metal Hose | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Flexible Metal Hose | Corrosion Resistance | Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance | |
Flexible Metal Hose | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Flexible Metal Hose | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Heat Exchanger Shells | Conductivity (Thermal) | Thermal Conductivity | |
Heat Exchanger Shells | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Heat Exchanger Shells | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Heat Exchanger Shells | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Heat Exchangers | Brazing Characteristics | Brazability | |
Heat Exchangers | Conductivity (Thermal) | Thermal Conductivity | |
Heat Exchangers | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Heat Exchangers | Solderability | Solderability | |
Pickling Crates | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Pickling Crates | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance to Acids | |
Pickling Crates | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Pickling Crates | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Pump Cylinder Liners | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Pump Cylinder Liners | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Pump Cylinder Liners | Mechanical Properties | Moderate to High Strength | |
Radiator Cores | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Radiator Cores | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Tags | Appearance | Appearance | |
Tags | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Tags | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Tags | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Tubing for Heat Exchangers | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Tubing for Heat Exchangers | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Tubing for Heat Exchangers | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Tubing for Heat Exchangers | Welding Characteristics | Weldability | |
Tubing for Instrumentation | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Tubing for Instrumentation | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Tubing for Instrumentation | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Tubing for Instrumentation | Welding Characteristics | Weldability | |
Other | Fire Hose Couplings | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance |
Fire Hose Couplings | Mechanical Properties | Moderate to High Strength | |
Plumbing | Fittings | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance |
Fittings | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Fittings | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
J-Bends | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
J-Bends | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
J-Bends | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
J-Bends | Solderability | Solderability | |
Pipe | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Pipe | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Pipe | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Pipe Nipples | Appearance | Appearance | |
Pipe Nipples | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Pipe Nipples | Mechanical Properties | Moderate to High Strength | |
Pipe Service Lines | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Pipe Service Lines | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Pipe Service Lines | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Pipe Service Lines | Solderability | Solderability | |
Pump Lines | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Pump Lines | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Pump Lines | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Service Lines | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Service Lines | Forming Characteristics | Formability | |
Service Lines | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength | |
Traps | Corrosion Resistance | Corrosion Resistance | |
Traps | Mechanical Properties | Moderate Strength |
Form | Sub-Form | Specific Sub-Form | Application | System | Standard | Description |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bar | ASTM | B36/B36M | BRASS PLATE, SHEET, STRIP AND ROLLED BAR | |||
Condenser & Heat Exchanger Tube with Integral Fins | Welded | ASTM | B956/B956M | WELDED COPPER AND COPPER-ALLOY CONDENSER AND HEAT EXCHANGER TUBES WITH INTEGRAL FINS | ||
Fitting | ASME | B16.22 | WROUGHT COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY SOLDER-JOINT PRESSURE FITTINGS | |||
ASME | B16.29 | WROUGHT COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY SOLDER-JOINT DRAINAGE FITTINGS | ||||
Nipples | ASTM | B687 | BRASS, COPPER AND CHROMIUM PLATED PIPE NIPPLES | |||
Pipe | ASME | SB43 | SEAMLESS RED BRASS PIPE, STANDARD SIZES | |||
ASTM | B43 | SEAMLESS RED BRASS PIPE, STANDARD SIZES | ||||
ASTM | B698 | COPPER, COPPER ALLOY PLUMBING PIPE AND TUBE | ||||
Plate | ASTM | B36/B36M | BRASS PLATE, SHEET, STRIP AND ROLLED BAR | |||
Rod, Bar & Shapes | ASTM | B927/B927M | BRASS ROD, BAR, AND SHAPES | |||
Seamless tube | ASTM | B135M | Seamless Brass Tube (Metric) | |||
Sheet | ASTM | B36/B36M | BRASS PLATE, SHEET, STRIP AND ROLLED BAR | |||
SAE | J461 | WROUGHT AND CAST COPPER ALLOYS | ||||
SAE | J463 | WROUGHT COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS | ||||
Sheet & Strip | Copper Clad Stainless | ASTM | B694 | COPPER, COPPER ALLOY AND COPPER-CLAD STAINLESS STEEL SHEET AND STRIP FOR ELECTRICAL CABLE SHIELDING | ||
Strip | ASTM | B36/B36M | BRASS PLATE, SHEET, STRIP AND ROLLED BAR | |||
Electric Connector & Spring Contact | ASTM | B888/B88M | COPPER ALLOY STRIP FOR USE IN MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRICAL CONNECTORS OR SPRING CONTACTS | |||
SAE | J461 | WROUGHT AND CAST COPPER ALLOYS | ||||
SAE | J463 | WROUGHT COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS | ||||
Tube | Seamless | AMS | 4553 | BRASS TUBING, SEAMLESS, SOFT ANNEALED | ||
Condenser Tube | ASME | SB111 | COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY SEAMLESS CONDENSER TUBES & FERRULE STOCK | |||
Seamless | ASME | SB135 | SEAMLESS BRASS TUBE | |||
Finned | ASME | SB359 | COPPER & COPPER ALLOY SEAMLESS CONDENSER & HEAT EXCHANGER TUBES WITH INTEGRAL FINS | |||
U-Bend | ASME | SB395 | U-BEND SEAMLESS COPPER & COPPER ALLOY HEAT EXCHANGER & CONDENSER TUBE | |||
Welded | ASME | SB543 | WELDED COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY TUBE | |||
Condenser Tube | ASTM | B111/B111M | COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY SEAMLESS CONDENSER TUBES AND FERRULE STOCK | |||
Seamless | ASTM | B135 | Tube, Seamless | |||
Finned | ASTM | B359/B359M | COPPER AND COPPER-ALLOY SEAMLESS CONDENSER AND HEAT EXCHANGER TUBES WITH INTEGRAL FINS | |||
U-Bend | ASTM | B395/B395M | U-BEND SEAMLESS COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY HEAT EXCHANGER AND CONDENSER TUBES | |||
Welded | ASTM | B543/B543M | WELDED COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY HEAT EXCHANGER TUBE | |||
ASTM | B569 | BRASS STRIP IN NARROW WIDTHS AND LIGHT GAGE FOR HEAT EXCHANGER TUBING | ||||
Welded | ASTM | B587 | WELDED BRASS TUBE | |||
ASTM | B698 | COPPER, COPPER ALLOY PLUMBING PIPE AND TUBE | ||||
Seamless | FEDERAL | WW-T-791 | TUBING: BRASS, SEAMLESS | |||
Seamless | MILITARY | MIL-T-20168 | TUBES, RED BRASS, SEAMLESS | |||
Seamless | SAE | J461 | WROUGHT AND CAST COPPER ALLOYS | |||
Seamless | SAE | J463 | WROUGHT COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS | |||
Wire | ASTM | B134/B134M | BRASS WIRE |
Environmental Category | Specific Environment | Resistance Level | Corrosion notes |
---|---|---|---|
Excellent | Resistant at cryogenic and room temperatures | ||
Alkali | Aluminum Hydroxide | Excellent | Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates |
Ammonium Hydroxide | Poor | Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation | |
Barium Carbonate | Excellent | Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates | |
Barium Hydroxide | Excellent | Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates | |
Black Liquor, Sulfate Process | Fair | Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture | |
Calcium Hydroxide | Excellent | Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates | |
Lime | Excellent | Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates | |
Lime-Sulfur | Fair | Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture | |
Magnesium Hydroxide | Excellent | Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates | |
Potassium Carbonate | Excellent | Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates | |
Potassium Hydroxide | Good | Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates | |
Sodium Bicarbonate | Good | Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates | |
Sodium Carbonate | Excellent | Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates | |
Sodium Hydroxide | Good | Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates | |
Sodium Phosphate | Excellent | ||
Sodium Silicate | Excellent | Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates | |
Sodium Sulfide | Fair | Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture | |
Atmosphere | Atmosphere, Industrial | Excellent | Affected by pollutants and other environmental factors. Hydrogen sulfide causes rapid tarnishing. |
Atmosphere, Marine | Excellent | Protective green basic copper chloride or carbonate patina. | |
Atmosphere, Rural | Excellent | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack | |
Chlor. organic | Carbon Tetrachloride, Dry | Excellent | Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture |
Carbon Tetracholoride, Moist | Good | Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures | |
Chloroform, Dry | Excellent | Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture | |
Ethyl Chloride | Good | Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture | |
Methyl Chloride, Dry | Excellent | Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture | |
Trichlorethylene, Dry | Excellent | Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture | |
Trichlorethylene, Moist | Good | Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures | |
Fatty acid | Oleic Acid | Excellent | Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture |
Palmitic Acid | Good | Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture | |
Stearic Acid | Good | Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture | |
Food/beverage | Beer | Excellent | May affect color or taste |
Beet Sugar Syrups | Excellent | May affect color or taste | |
Cane Sugar Syrups | Excellent | May affect color or taste | |
Carbonated Beverages | Good | Acidity increases corrosion. May affect color or taste. | |
Carbonated Water | Good | Acidity increases corrosion. May affect color or taste. | |
Cider | Excellent | May affect color or taste | |
Coffee | Excellent | May affect color or taste | |
Corn Oil | Excellent | May affect color or taste | |
Cottonseed Oil | Excellent | May affect color or taste | |
Fruit Juices | Good | Acidity increases corrosion. May affect color or taste. | |
Gelatine | Excellent | May affect color or taste | |
Milk | Excellent | May affect color or taste | |
Sugar Solutions | Excellent | May affect color or taste | |
Vinegar | Good | Acidity increases corrosion. May affect color or taste. | |
Gas | Ammonia, Absolutely Dry | Excellent | Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture |
Ammonia, Moist | Poor | More corrosion resistant in dry gas | |
Carbon Dioxide, Dry | Excellent | Corrosion increases with trace of moisture | |
Carbon Dioxide, Moist | Good | More corrosion resistant in dry gas | |
Hydrogen | Excellent | Copper and copper alloys containing copper oxide susceptible to attack | |
Oxygen | Excellent | Scaling at elevated temperatures | |
Halogen gas | Bromine, Dry | Excellent | Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture |
Bromine, Moist | Good | More corrosion resistant in dry gas | |
Chlorine, Dry | Excellent | Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture | |
Chlorine, Moist | Fair | More corrosion resistant in dry gas | |
Hydrocarbon | Acetylene | Poor | Forms explosive compound in presence of moisture |
Asphalt | Excellent | Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly | |
Benzine | Excellent | Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly | |
Benzol | Excellent | Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly | |
Butane | Excellent | Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly | |
Creosote | Excellent | Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly | |
Crude Oil | Good | Careful consideration must be given to specific contaminants when selecting materials for this complex environment | |
Freon | Excellent | Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly | |
Fuel Oil | Excellent | Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly | |
Gasoline | Excellent | Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly | |
Hydrocarbons, Pure | Excellent | Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly | |
Kerosene | Excellent | Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly | |
Natural Gas | Excellent | Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly | |
Paraffin | Excellent | Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly | |
Propane | Excellent | Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly | |
Tar | Not Recommended | Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly | |
Turpentine | Excellent | Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly | |
Inorg. acid non-ox. | Boric Acid | Excellent | Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates |
Carbolic Acid | Good | Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates | |
Hydrobromic Acid | Fair | Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates | |
Hydrochloric Acid | Fair | Generally limted to applications in cold, oxidizer free, dilute (<1%) or concentrated solutions | |
Hydrocyanic Acid | Poor | Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation | |
Hydrofluoric Acid | Fair | Generally limted to applications in cold, oxidizer free, dilute (<1%) or concentrated solutions | |
Hydrofluosilicic Acid | Good | Generally limted to applications in cold, oxidizer free, dilute (<1%) or concentrated solutions | |
Phosphoric Acid | Good | Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates | |
Sulfuric Acid | Good | Not suitable for hot concentrated solutions | |
Inorg. acid ox. | Chromic Acid | Poor | Severe oxidizing environment. |
Nitric Acid | Poor | Severe oxidizing environment. | |
Sulfurous Acid | Good | Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates | |
Liquid metal | Mercury | Poor | Severe liquid metal embrittlement |
Miscellaneous | Glue | Excellent | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack |
Linseed Oil | Good | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack | |
Rosin | Excellent | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack | |
Sewage | Excellent | Corrosion affected by salt concentration, temperature, velocity, dissolved oxygen content and pollutants. | |
Soap Solutions | Excellent | Corrosion affected by salt concentration, temperature, velocity, dissolved oxygen content and pollutants. | |
Varnish | Excellent | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack | |
Neutral/acid salt | Alum | Good | |
Alumina | Excellent | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack | |
Aluminum Chloride | Good | Strong agitation and aeration increases corrosion | |
Aluminum Sulfate | Good | Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions | |
Ammonium Chloride | Poor | Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation | |
Ammonium Sulfate | Fair | Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation | |
Barium Chloride | Good | Strong agitation and aeration increases corrosion | |
Barium Sulfate | Excellent | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack | |
Barium Sulfide | Fair | High zinc content alloys preferred | |
Calcium Chloride | Good | Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition | |
Carbon Disulfide | Good | High zinc content alloys preferred | |
Magnesium Chloride | Good | Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition | |
Magnesium Sulfate | Excellent | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack | |
Potassium Chloride | Good | Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition | |
Potassium Cyanide | Poor | Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation | |
Potassium Dichromate Acid | Poor | Highly oxidizing under acidic conditions | |
Potassium Sulfate | Excellent | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack | |
Sodium Bisulfate | Good | Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions | |
Sodium Chloride | Good | Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition | |
Sodium Cyanide | Poor | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack | |
Sodium Dichromate, Acid | Poor | Highly oxidizing under acidic conditions | |
Sodium Sulfate | Excellent | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack | |
Sodium Sulfite | Good | Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions | |
Sodium Thiosulfate | Fair | High zinc content alloys preferred | |
Zinc Chloride | Fair | Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition | |
Zinc Sulfate | Good | Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions | |
Org. solvent | Acetone | Excellent | Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts |
Alcohols | Excellent | Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts | |
Amyl Acetate | Excellent | ||
Amyl Alcohol | Excellent | ||
Butyl Alcohol | Excellent | Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts | |
Ethers | Excellent | Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts | |
Ethyl Acetate | Excellent | ||
Ethyl Alcohol | Excellent | Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts | |
Lacquer Solvents | Excellent | Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts | |
Methyl Alcohol | Excellent | ||
Toluene | Excellent | Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts | |
Organic acid | Acetic Acid | Good | Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point. |
Acetic Anhydride | Good | Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point. | |
Benzoic Acid | Excellent | Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point. | |
Butyric Acid | Excellent | Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point. | |
Chloracetic Acid | Good | Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point. | |
Citric Acid | Excellent | Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point. | |
Formic Acid | Excellent | Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point. | |
Lactic Acid | Excellent | Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point. | |
Oxalic Acid | Excellent | Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point. | |
Tannic Acid | Excellent | Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point. | |
Tartaric Acid | Excellent | Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point. | |
Trichloracetic Acid | Good | Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point. | |
Organic comp. | Aniline | Fair | Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture |
Aniline Dyes | Fair | Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture | |
Castor Oil | Excellent | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack | |
Ethylene Glycol | Excellent | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack | |
Formaldehyde | Excellent | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack | |
Furfural | Excellent | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack | |
Glucose | Excellent | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack | |
Glycerine | Excellent | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack | |
Lacquers | Excellent | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack | |
Oxidizing salt | Ammonium Nitrate | Poor | Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation |
Bleaching Powder, Wet | Good | Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point. | |
Borax | Excellent | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack | |
Bordeaux Mixture | Excellent | Low corrosion rates, no localized attack | |
Calcium Bisulfite | Good | Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point. | |
Calcium Hypochlorite | Good | Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point. | |
Copper Chloride | Fair | Severe oxidizing environment. | |
Copper Nitrate | Fair | Oxidizing environment | |
Copper Sulfate | Good | Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition | |
Ferric Chloride | Poor | Severe oxidizing environment. | |
Ferric Sulfate | Poor | Severe oxidizing environment. | |
Ferrous Chloride | Good | Strong agitation and aeration increases corrosion | |
Ferrous Sulfate | Good | Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition | |
Hydrogen Peroxide | Good | Oxidizing environment | |
Mercury Salts | Poor | Noble metal salt, plates on copper surface | |
Potassium Chromate | Excellent | Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions | |
Silver Salts | Poor | Noble metal salt, plates on copper surface | |
Sodium Bisulfite | Good | Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point. | |
Sodium Chromate | Excellent | Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions | |
Sodium Hypochlorite | Fair | Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point. | |
Sodium Nitrate | Good | Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point. | |
Sodium Peroxide | Fair | Oxidizing environment | |
Sulfur comp. | Hydrogen Sulfide, Dry | Excellent | Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture |
Hydrogen Sulfide, Moist | Poor | High zinc content alloys preferred | |
Sulfur Chloride, Dry | Excellent | Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture | |
Sulfur Dioxide, Dry | Excellent | Scaling at elevated temperatures | |
Sulfur Dioxide, Moist | Good | Mixed oxide and sulfide scale forms | |
Sulfur Trioxide, Dry | Excellent | Corrosion increases with trace of moisture | |
Sulfur, Dry | Good | High zinc content alloys preferred | |
Sulfur, Molten | Poor | Forms non-protective copper sulfide | |
Water | Brines | Good | Increased corrosion with oxidizers, e.g. oxygen (air), chlorine, hypochlorites and ferric ions. Refer to specific salt solution ratings. |
Mine Water | Fair | Acidic waters containing oxidizers are highly corrosive. | |
Sea Water | Good | Corrosion affected by salt concentration, temperature, dissolved oxygen content and pollutants. Erosion-corrosion at moderate velocities. | |
Steam | Excellent | Resistant to pure steam. Carbon dixide, dissolved oxygen or ammonia can increase corrosion. | |
Water, Potable | Excellent | Corrosion affected by water chemistry (mineral content, acidity) system design and fabrication. Free carbon dioxide can cause pitting in cold water. Pitting in hot water caused by cathodic deposits. Erosion-corrosion at high velocities. |