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C23000Red Brass, 85%WroughtBRASSESCopper-Zinc Alloys (Yellow Brasses)TrueTruehttps://api.copper.org/CDA-API/alloys.xhtml/C23000

Chemical Composition
	Element
	Cu⁽¹⁾	Pb	Zn	Fe
(1) Cu + Sum of Named Elements 99.8% min.
Min (%)	84.0
Max (%)	86.0	0.05	Rem	0.05

Mechanical Properties*
Form	Temper	Temper Code	Tensile Strength (ksi)	YS-0.5% Ext (ksi)	Elongation (%)	Rockwell B scale	Rockwell F scale	Rockwell 30T scale	Shear Strength (ksi)	Torsion Modulus (ksi)	Fatigue Strength** (ksi)	Section Size (in)	Cold Work (%)
Flat Products	1/2 Hard	H02	57 Typ	49 Typ	12 Typ	65 Typ		60 Typ	37 Typ			0.04
	1/4 Hard	H01	49 Typ			45 Typ		48 Typ
	1/8 Hard	H00	43 Typ	16 Typ	44 Typ		66 Typ	28 Typ	32 Typ			0.04
	As Hot Rolled	M20	42 Typ
	Extra Hard	H06	78 Typ	61 Typ	4 Typ	83 Typ		72 Typ	44 Typ			0.04
	Hard	H04	70 Typ	57 Typ	5 Typ	77 Typ		68 Typ	42 Typ	6.4 Typ	20 Typ	0.04
	Nominal Grain Size 0.015 mm	OS015	45 Typ	18 Typ	42 Typ		71 Typ	38 Typ	33 Typ			0.04
	Nominal Grain Size 0.025 mm	OS025	43 Typ	16 Typ	44 Typ		66 Typ	28 Typ	32 Typ			0.04
	Nominal Grain Size 0.035 mm	OS035	41 Typ	14 Typ	46 Typ		63 Typ	22 Typ	31 Typ			0.04
	Nominal Grain Size 0.050 mm	OS050	40 Typ	12 Typ	47 Typ		59 Typ	14 Typ	31 Typ			0.04
	Nominal Grain Size 0.070 mm	OS070	39 Typ	10 Typ	48 Typ		56 Typ	10 Typ	31 Typ			0.04
	Spring	H08	84 Typ	63 Typ	3 Typ	86 Typ		74 Typ	46 Typ			0.04
Pipe	Nominal Grain Size 0.015 mm	OS015	44 Typ	18 Typ	45 Typ		71 Typ
Tube	Hard Drawn	H80	70 Typ	58 Typ	8 Typ	77 Typ		68 Typ				0.065	35
	Light Drawn, Light Cold Rolled	H55	50 Typ	40 Typ	30 Typ	55 Typ		54 Typ				0.065	15
	Nominal Grain Size 0.015 mm	OS015	44 Typ	18 Typ	45 Typ		71 Typ	38 Typ				0.065
	Nominal Grain Size 0.050 mm	OS050	40 Typ	12 Typ	55 Typ		60 Typ	15 Typ				0.065
Wire	1/2 Hard	H02	72 Typ		8 Typ				43 Typ			0.08
	1/4 Hard	H01	59 Typ		11 Typ				38 Typ			0.08
	1/8 Hard	H00	50 Typ		25 Typ				35 Typ		20 Typ	0.08
	Hard	H04	88 Typ		6 Typ				48 Typ			0.08
	Nominal Grain Size 0.015 mm	OS015	45 Typ						33 Typ			0.08
	Nominal Grain Size 0.025 mm	OS025	43 Typ						32 Typ			0.08
	Nominal Grain Size 0.035 mm	OS035	41 Typ		48 Typ				31 Typ			0.08
	Spring	H08	105 Typ						54 Typ			0.08
* Measured at room temperature, 68°F (20°C). ** Fatigue Strength: 100 x 10⁶ cycles, unless indicated as [N] x 10⁶.

Physical Properties
Melting Point - Liquidus°F	1880
Melting Point - Solidus°F	1810
Densitylb/cu in. at 68°F	0.316
Specific Gravity	8.75
Electrical Conductivity% IACS at 68°F	37
Thermal ConductivityBtu/ sq ft/ ft hr/ °F at 68°F	92
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 68-57210⁻⁶ per °F (68 – 572°F)	10.4
Specific Heat CapacityBtu/ lb /°F at 68°F	0.09
Modulus of Elasticity in Tensionksi	17000
Modulus of Rigidityksi	6400

Fabrication Properties
Technique	Suitability
Soldering	Excellent
Brazing	Excellent
Oxyacetylene Welding	Good
Gas Shielded Arc Welding	Good
Coated Metal Arc Welding	Not Recommended
Spot Weld	Fair
Seam Weld	Not Recommended
Butt Weld	Good
Capacity for Being Cold Worked	Excellent
Capacity for Being Hot Formed	Good
Machinability Rating	30

Blanking
Coining
Drawing
Etching
Forming and Bending
Heading and Upsetting
Piercing and Punching
Roll Threading and Knurling
Shearing
Spinning
Squeezing and Swaging
Stamping

Thermal Properties
Treatment	Minimum^*	Maximum^*
^* Temperature is measured in Fahrenheit.
Annealing	800	1350
Hot Treatment	1450	1650

Typical uses
Product Category	Product	Reason Category	Reason
Architecture	Etching Parts	Appearance	Appearance
	Etching Parts	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Etching Parts	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Trim	Appearance	Appearance
	Trim	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Trim	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Weather Strip	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Weather Strip	Corrosion Resistance	Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance
	Weather Strip	Mechanical Properties	Retention of Spring Properties
Builders Hardware	Kick Plates	Appearance	Appearance
	Kick Plates	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Kick Plates	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance to Fresh Water
	Kick Plates	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance to Salt Water
	Kick Plates	Corrosion Resistance	Dezincification Resistance
	Kick Plates	Forming Characteristics	Coinability
	Kick Plates	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Kick Plates	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Kick Plates	Plating Characteristics	Plateable
Consumer	Badges	Appearance	Appearance
	Badges	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Badges	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance to Fresh Water
	Badges	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance to Salt Water
	Badges	Corrosion Resistance	Dezincification Resistance
	Badges	Forming Characteristics	Coinability
	Badges	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Badges	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Badges	Plating Characteristics	Platability
	Coinage	Appearance	Appearance
	Coinage	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Coinage	Forming Characteristics	Coinability
	Coinage	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Coinage	Plating Characteristics	Plateable
	Compacts	Appearance	Appearance
	Compacts	Appearance	Color
	Compacts	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Compacts	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Compacts	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Costume Jewelry	Appearance	Gold Color
	Costume Jewelry	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Dials	Appearance	Appearance
	Dials	Appearance	Color
	Dials	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Dials	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Fire Extinguisher Cases	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Fire Extinguisher Cases	Corrosion Resistance	Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance
	Fire Extinguisher Cases	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Fire Extinguisher Cases	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Lipstick Containers	Appearance	Appearance
	Lipstick Containers	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Lipstick Containers	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Lipstick Containers	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Medallions	Appearance	Appearance
	Medallions	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Medallions	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance to Sea Water
	Medallions	Corrosion Resistance	Dezincification Resistance
	Medallions	Forming Characteristics	Coinability
	Medallions	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Medallions	Plating Characteristics	Platability
	Nameplates	Appearance	Appearance
	Nameplates	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Nameplates	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance to Fresh Water
	Nameplates	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance to Salt Water
	Nameplates	Corrosion Resistance	Dezincification Resistance
	Nameplates	Forming Characteristics	Coinability
	Nameplates	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Nameplates	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Nameplates	Plating Characteristics	Plateable
	Plaques	Appearance	Appearance
	Plaques	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Plaques	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance to Salt Water
	Plaques	Corrosion Resistance	Dezincification Resistance
	Plaques	Forming Characteristics	Coinability
	Plaques	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Plaques	Plating Characteristics	Plateable
	Rouge Boxes	Appearance	Appearance
	Rouge Boxes	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Rouge Boxes	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Rouge Boxes	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Tokens	Appearance	Appearance
	Tokens	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Tokens	Forming Characteristics	Coinability
	Tokens	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
Tokens	Plating Characteristics	Plateable
Zippers	Appearance	Appearance
Zippers	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
Zippers	Forming Characteristics	Cold Workability
Electrical	Conduit	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Conduit	Conductivity (Thermal)	Thermal Conductivity
	Conduit	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Conduit	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Rotor Bars, AC Motors	Brazing Characteristics	Brazability
	Rotor Bars, AC Motors	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Resistivity - 37 % IACS
	Screw Shells	Appearance	Appearance
	Screw Shells	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Screw Shells	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Screw Shells	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Sockets	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Sockets	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Sockets	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
Fasteners	Eyelets	Appearance	Appearance
	Eyelets	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Eyelets	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Eyelets	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Fasteners	Appearance	Appearance
	Fasteners	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Fasteners	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Fasteners	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
Industrial	Condenser Tubes	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Condenser Tubes	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Condenser Tubes	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Condenser Tubes	Welding Characteristics	Weldability
	Fire Extinguishers	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Fire Extinguishers	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Fire Extinguishers	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Flexible Metal Hose	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Flexible Metal Hose	Corrosion Resistance	Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance
	Flexible Metal Hose	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Flexible Metal Hose	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Heat Exchanger Shells	Conductivity (Thermal)	Thermal Conductivity
	Heat Exchanger Shells	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Heat Exchanger Shells	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Heat Exchanger Shells	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Heat Exchangers	Brazing Characteristics	Brazability
	Heat Exchangers	Conductivity (Thermal)	Thermal Conductivity
	Heat Exchangers	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Heat Exchangers	Solderability	Solderability
	Pickling Crates	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Pickling Crates	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance to Acids
	Pickling Crates	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Pickling Crates	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Pump Cylinder Liners	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Pump Cylinder Liners	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Pump Cylinder Liners	Mechanical Properties	Moderate to High Strength
	Radiator Cores	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Radiator Cores	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Tags	Appearance	Appearance
	Tags	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Tags	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Tags	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Tubing for Heat Exchangers	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Tubing for Heat Exchangers	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Tubing for Heat Exchangers	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Tubing for Heat Exchangers	Welding Characteristics	Weldability
	Tubing for Instrumentation	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Tubing for Instrumentation	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Tubing for Instrumentation	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Tubing for Instrumentation	Welding Characteristics	Weldability
Other	Fire Hose Couplings	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
Other	Fire Hose Couplings	Mechanical Properties	Moderate to High Strength
Plumbing	Fittings	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Fittings	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Fittings	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	J-Bends	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	J-Bends	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	J-Bends	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	J-Bends	Solderability	Solderability
	Pipe	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Pipe	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Pipe	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Pipe Nipples	Appearance	Appearance
	Pipe Nipples	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Pipe Nipples	Mechanical Properties	Moderate to High Strength
	Pipe Service Lines	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Pipe Service Lines	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Pipe Service Lines	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Pipe Service Lines	Solderability	Solderability
	Pump Lines	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Pump Lines	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Pump Lines	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Service Lines	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Service Lines	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Service Lines	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength
	Traps	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Traps	Mechanical Properties	Moderate Strength

Applicable Specifications
Form	Sub-Form	Specific Sub-Form	Application	System	Standard	Description
Bar				ASTM	B36/B36M	BRASS PLATE, SHEET, STRIP AND ROLLED BAR
Condenser & Heat Exchanger Tube with Integral Fins		Welded		ASTM	B956/B956M	WELDED COPPER AND COPPER-ALLOY CONDENSER AND HEAT EXCHANGER TUBES WITH INTEGRAL FINS
Fitting				ASME	B16.22	WROUGHT COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY SOLDER-JOINT PRESSURE FITTINGS
Fitting				ASME	B16.29	WROUGHT COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY SOLDER-JOINT DRAINAGE FITTINGS
Nipples				ASTM	B687	BRASS, COPPER AND CHROMIUM PLATED PIPE NIPPLES
Pipe				ASME	SB43	SEAMLESS RED BRASS PIPE, STANDARD SIZES
				ASTM	B43	SEAMLESS RED BRASS PIPE, STANDARD SIZES
				ASTM	B698	COPPER, COPPER ALLOY PLUMBING PIPE AND TUBE
Plate				ASTM	B36/B36M	BRASS PLATE, SHEET, STRIP AND ROLLED BAR
Rod, Bar & Shapes				ASTM	B927/B927M	BRASS ROD, BAR, AND SHAPES
Seamless tube				ASTM	B135M	Seamless Brass Tube (Metric)
Sheet				ASTM	B36/B36M	BRASS PLATE, SHEET, STRIP AND ROLLED BAR
				SAE	J461	WROUGHT AND CAST COPPER ALLOYS
				SAE	J463	WROUGHT COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS
Sheet & Strip	Copper Clad Stainless			ASTM	B694	COPPER, COPPER ALLOY AND COPPER-CLAD STAINLESS STEEL SHEET AND STRIP FOR ELECTRICAL CABLE SHIELDING
Strip				ASTM	B36/B36M	BRASS PLATE, SHEET, STRIP AND ROLLED BAR
		Electric Connector & Spring Contact		ASTM	B888/B88M	COPPER ALLOY STRIP FOR USE IN MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRICAL CONNECTORS OR SPRING CONTACTS
				SAE	J461	WROUGHT AND CAST COPPER ALLOYS
				SAE	J463	WROUGHT COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS
Tube		Seamless		AMS	4553	BRASS TUBING, SEAMLESS, SOFT ANNEALED
			Condenser Tube	ASME	SB111	COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY SEAMLESS CONDENSER TUBES & FERRULE STOCK
		Seamless		ASME	SB135	SEAMLESS BRASS TUBE
		Finned		ASME	SB359	COPPER & COPPER ALLOY SEAMLESS CONDENSER & HEAT EXCHANGER TUBES WITH INTEGRAL FINS
		U-Bend		ASME	SB395	U-BEND SEAMLESS COPPER & COPPER ALLOY HEAT EXCHANGER & CONDENSER TUBE
		Welded		ASME	SB543	WELDED COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY TUBE
			Condenser Tube	ASTM	B111/B111M	COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY SEAMLESS CONDENSER TUBES AND FERRULE STOCK
		Seamless		ASTM	B135	Tube, Seamless
		Finned		ASTM	B359/B359M	COPPER AND COPPER-ALLOY SEAMLESS CONDENSER AND HEAT EXCHANGER TUBES WITH INTEGRAL FINS
		U-Bend		ASTM	B395/B395M	U-BEND SEAMLESS COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY HEAT EXCHANGER AND CONDENSER TUBES
		Welded		ASTM	B543/B543M	WELDED COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY HEAT EXCHANGER TUBE
				ASTM	B569	BRASS STRIP IN NARROW WIDTHS AND LIGHT GAGE FOR HEAT EXCHANGER TUBING
		Welded		ASTM	B587	WELDED BRASS TUBE
				ASTM	B698	COPPER, COPPER ALLOY PLUMBING PIPE AND TUBE
		Seamless		FEDERAL	WW-T-791	TUBING: BRASS, SEAMLESS
		Seamless		MILITARY	MIL-T-20168	TUBES, RED BRASS, SEAMLESS
		Seamless		SAE	J461	WROUGHT AND CAST COPPER ALLOYS
		Seamless		SAE	J463	WROUGHT COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS
Wire				ASTM	B134/B134M	BRASS WIRE

Corrosion Properties
Environmental Category	Specific Environment	Resistance Level	Corrosion notes
		Excellent	Resistant at cryogenic and room temperatures
Alkali	Aluminum Hydroxide	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Ammonium Hydroxide	Poor	Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation
	Barium Carbonate	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Barium Hydroxide	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Black Liquor, Sulfate Process	Fair	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Calcium Hydroxide	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Lime	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Lime-Sulfur	Fair	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Magnesium Hydroxide	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Potassium Carbonate	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Potassium Hydroxide	Good	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Sodium Bicarbonate	Good	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Sodium Carbonate	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Sodium Hydroxide	Good	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Sodium Phosphate	Excellent
	Sodium Silicate	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Sodium Sulfide	Fair	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
Atmosphere	Atmosphere, Industrial	Excellent	Affected by pollutants and other environmental factors. Hydrogen sulfide causes rapid tarnishing.
	Atmosphere, Marine	Excellent	Protective green basic copper chloride or carbonate patina.
	Atmosphere, Rural	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
Chlor. organic	Carbon Tetrachloride, Dry	Excellent	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Carbon Tetracholoride, Moist	Good	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures
	Chloroform, Dry	Excellent	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Ethyl Chloride	Good	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Methyl Chloride, Dry	Excellent	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Trichlorethylene, Dry	Excellent	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Trichlorethylene, Moist	Good	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures
Fatty acid	Oleic Acid	Excellent	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Palmitic Acid	Good	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Stearic Acid	Good	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
Food/beverage	Beer	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Beet Sugar Syrups	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Cane Sugar Syrups	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Carbonated Beverages	Good	Acidity increases corrosion. May affect color or taste.
	Carbonated Water	Good	Acidity increases corrosion. May affect color or taste.
	Cider	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Coffee	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Corn Oil	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Cottonseed Oil	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Fruit Juices	Good	Acidity increases corrosion. May affect color or taste.
	Gelatine	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Milk	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Sugar Solutions	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Vinegar	Good	Acidity increases corrosion. May affect color or taste.
Gas	Ammonia, Absolutely Dry	Excellent	Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture
	Ammonia, Moist	Poor	More corrosion resistant in dry gas
	Carbon Dioxide, Dry	Excellent	Corrosion increases with trace of moisture
	Carbon Dioxide, Moist	Good	More corrosion resistant in dry gas
	Hydrogen	Excellent	Copper and copper alloys containing copper oxide susceptible to attack
	Oxygen	Excellent	Scaling at elevated temperatures
Halogen gas	Bromine, Dry	Excellent	Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture
	Bromine, Moist	Good	More corrosion resistant in dry gas
	Chlorine, Dry	Excellent	Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture
	Chlorine, Moist	Fair	More corrosion resistant in dry gas
Hydrocarbon	Acetylene	Poor	Forms explosive compound in presence of moisture
	Asphalt	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Benzine	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Benzol	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Butane	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Creosote	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Crude Oil	Good	Careful consideration must be given to specific contaminants when selecting materials for this complex environment
	Freon	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Fuel Oil	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Gasoline	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Hydrocarbons, Pure	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Kerosene	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Natural Gas	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Paraffin	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Propane	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Tar	Not Recommended	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Turpentine	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
Inorg. acid non-ox.	Boric Acid	Excellent	Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates
	Carbolic Acid	Good	Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates
	Hydrobromic Acid	Fair	Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates
	Hydrochloric Acid	Fair	Generally limted to applications in cold, oxidizer free, dilute (<1%) or concentrated solutions
	Hydrocyanic Acid	Poor	Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation
	Hydrofluoric Acid	Fair	Generally limted to applications in cold, oxidizer free, dilute (<1%) or concentrated solutions
	Hydrofluosilicic Acid	Good	Generally limted to applications in cold, oxidizer free, dilute (<1%) or concentrated solutions
	Phosphoric Acid	Good	Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates
	Sulfuric Acid	Good	Not suitable for hot concentrated solutions
Inorg. acid ox.	Chromic Acid	Poor	Severe oxidizing environment.
	Nitric Acid	Poor	Severe oxidizing environment.
	Sulfurous Acid	Good	Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates
Liquid metal	Mercury	Poor	Severe liquid metal embrittlement
Miscellaneous	Glue	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Linseed Oil	Good	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Rosin	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Sewage	Excellent	Corrosion affected by salt concentration, temperature, velocity, dissolved oxygen content and pollutants.
	Soap Solutions	Excellent	Corrosion affected by salt concentration, temperature, velocity, dissolved oxygen content and pollutants.
	Varnish	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
Neutral/acid salt	Alum	Good
	Alumina	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Aluminum Chloride	Good	Strong agitation and aeration increases corrosion
	Aluminum Sulfate	Good	Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions
	Ammonium Chloride	Poor	Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation
	Ammonium Sulfate	Fair	Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation
	Barium Chloride	Good	Strong agitation and aeration increases corrosion
	Barium Sulfate	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Barium Sulfide	Fair	High zinc content alloys preferred
	Calcium Chloride	Good	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Carbon Disulfide	Good	High zinc content alloys preferred
	Magnesium Chloride	Good	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Magnesium Sulfate	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Potassium Chloride	Good	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Potassium Cyanide	Poor	Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation
	Potassium Dichromate Acid	Poor	Highly oxidizing under acidic conditions
	Potassium Sulfate	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Sodium Bisulfate	Good	Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions
	Sodium Chloride	Good	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Sodium Cyanide	Poor	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Sodium Dichromate, Acid	Poor	Highly oxidizing under acidic conditions
	Sodium Sulfate	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Sodium Sulfite	Good	Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions
	Sodium Thiosulfate	Fair	High zinc content alloys preferred
	Zinc Chloride	Fair	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Zinc Sulfate	Good	Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions
Org. solvent	Acetone	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
	Alcohols	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
	Amyl Acetate	Excellent
	Amyl Alcohol	Excellent
	Butyl Alcohol	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
	Ethers	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
	Ethyl Acetate	Excellent
	Ethyl Alcohol	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
	Lacquer Solvents	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
	Methyl Alcohol	Excellent
	Toluene	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
Organic acid	Acetic Acid	Good	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Acetic Anhydride	Good	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Benzoic Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Butyric Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Chloracetic Acid	Good	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Citric Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Formic Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Lactic Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Oxalic Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Tannic Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Tartaric Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Trichloracetic Acid	Good	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
Organic comp.	Aniline	Fair	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Aniline Dyes	Fair	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Castor Oil	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Ethylene Glycol	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Formaldehyde	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Furfural	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Glucose	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Glycerine	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Lacquers	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
Oxidizing salt	Ammonium Nitrate	Poor	Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation
	Bleaching Powder, Wet	Good	Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Borax	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Bordeaux Mixture	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Calcium Bisulfite	Good	Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Calcium Hypochlorite	Good	Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Copper Chloride	Fair	Severe oxidizing environment.
	Copper Nitrate	Fair	Oxidizing environment
	Copper Sulfate	Good	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Ferric Chloride	Poor	Severe oxidizing environment.
	Ferric Sulfate	Poor	Severe oxidizing environment.
	Ferrous Chloride	Good	Strong agitation and aeration increases corrosion
	Ferrous Sulfate	Good	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Hydrogen Peroxide	Good	Oxidizing environment
	Mercury Salts	Poor	Noble metal salt, plates on copper surface
	Potassium Chromate	Excellent	Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions
	Silver Salts	Poor	Noble metal salt, plates on copper surface
	Sodium Bisulfite	Good	Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Sodium Chromate	Excellent	Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions
	Sodium Hypochlorite	Fair	Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Sodium Nitrate	Good	Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Sodium Peroxide	Fair	Oxidizing environment
Sulfur comp.	Hydrogen Sulfide, Dry	Excellent	Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture
	Hydrogen Sulfide, Moist	Poor	High zinc content alloys preferred
	Sulfur Chloride, Dry	Excellent	Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture
	Sulfur Dioxide, Dry	Excellent	Scaling at elevated temperatures
	Sulfur Dioxide, Moist	Good	Mixed oxide and sulfide scale forms
	Sulfur Trioxide, Dry	Excellent	Corrosion increases with trace of moisture
	Sulfur, Dry	Good	High zinc content alloys preferred
	Sulfur, Molten	Poor	Forms non-protective copper sulfide
Water	Brines	Good	Increased corrosion with oxidizers, e.g. oxygen (air), chlorine, hypochlorites and ferric ions. Refer to specific salt solution ratings.
	Mine Water	Fair	Acidic waters containing oxidizers are highly corrosive.
	Sea Water	Good	Corrosion affected by salt concentration, temperature, dissolved oxygen content and pollutants. Erosion-corrosion at moderate velocities.
	Steam	Excellent	Resistant to pure steam. Carbon dixide, dissolved oxygen or ammonia can increase corrosion.
	Water, Potable	Excellent	Corrosion affected by water chemistry (mineral content, acidity) system design and fabrication. Free carbon dioxide can cause pitting in cold water. Pitting in hot water caused by cathodic deposits. Erosion-corrosion at high velocities.