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C52100 Phospher Bronze, 8% C Wrought BRONZES Copper-Tin-Phosporus Alloys (Phosphor Bronzes) true true https://api.copper.org/alloys.xhtml/C52100

Chemical Composition
	Elements
	Cu⁽¹⁾	Pb	Sn	Zn	Fe	P
(1) Cu + Sum of Named Elements 99.5% min.
Min (%)			7.0			0.03
Max (%)	Rem	0.05	9.0	0.20	0.10	0.35

Mechanical Properties ^*
Form	Temper	Temper Code	Tensile Strength (ksi)	YS-0.2% Offset (ksi)	YS-0.5% Ext (ksi)	Elongation (%)	Rockwell B scale	Rockwell F scale	Rockwell 30T scale	Torsion Modulus (ksi)	Fatigue Strength** (ksi)	Section Size (in)	Cold Work (%)
* Measured at room temperature, 68°F (20°C). ** Fatigue Strength: 100 x 10⁶ cycles, unless indicated as [N] x 10⁶.
Flat Products	1/2 Hard	H02	77 Typ	64 Typ		34 Typ	84 Typ		73 Typ			0.04
	1/2 Hard and Stress Relieved	HR02	77 Typ	62 Typ		39 Typ
	Extra Hard	H06	105 Typ	100 Typ		9 Typ	96 Typ		80 Typ			0.04
	Extra Hard and Stress Relieved	HR06	105 Typ	93 Typ		15 Typ
	Extra Spring	H10	120 Typ			2 Typ	100 Typ		82 Typ			0.04
	Hard	H04	93 Typ	87 Typ		19 Typ	93 Typ		78 Typ	6 Typ	22 Typ	0.04
	Hard and Stress Relieved	HR04	93 Typ	80 Typ		23 Typ
	Nominal Grain Size 0.015 mm	OS015	65 Typ			60 Typ		85 Typ				0.04
	Nominal Grain Size 0.025 mm	OS025	60 Typ		24 Typ	63 Typ	50 Typ	82 Typ				0.04
	Nominal Grain Size 0.035 mm	OS035	58 Typ			65 Typ		80 Typ				0.04
	Nominal Grain Size 0.050 mm	OS050	55 Typ			70 Typ		75 Typ				0.04
	Spring	H08	112 Typ	108 Typ		5 Typ	98 Typ		81 Typ			0.04
	Spring and Stress Relieved	HR08	112 Typ	102 Typ		11 Typ
Rod	1/2 Hard	H02	80 Typ			33 Typ	85 Typ					0.5	20
Wire	1/2 Hard	H02	105 Typ									0.08
	1/4 Hard	H01	81 Typ									0.08
	Extra Hard	H06	140 Typ									0.08
	Hard	H04	130 Typ									0.08
	Nominal Grain Size 0.035 mm	OS035	60 Typ		24 Typ	65 Typ						0.08

Physical Properties

Melting Point - Liquidus°F	1880
Melting Point - Solidus°F	1620
Densitylb/cu in. at 68°F	0.318
Specific Gravity	8.8
Electrical Conductivity% IACS at 68°F	13
Thermal ConductivityBtu/ sq ft/ ft hr/ °F at 68°F	36
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion 68-57210 to -6 power per °F (68 – 572°F)	10.1
Specific Heat CapacityBtu/ lb /°F at 68°F	0.09
Modulus of Elasticity in Tensionksi	16000
Modulus of Rigidityksi	6000

Fabrication Properties
Technique	Suitability
Soldering	Excellent
Brazing	Excellent
Oxyacetylene Welding	Fair
Gas Shielded Arc Welding	Good
Coated Metal Arc Welding	Fair
Spot Weld	Good
Seam Weld	Fair
Butt Weld	Excellent
Capacity for Being Cold Worked	Good
Capacity for Being Hot Formed	Poor
Machinability Rating	20

Blanking
Drawing
Forming and Bending
Shearing
Stamping

Thermal Properties
Treatment	Minimum^*	Maximum^*
^* Temperature is measured in Fahrenheit.
Annealing	900	1250

Typical uses
Product Category	Product	Reason Category	Reason
Architecture	Bridge Bearing Plates	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Bridge Bearing Plates	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Bridge Bearing Plates	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Bridge Bearing Plates	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Bridge Bearing Plates	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
Building	Thermostat Bellows	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Thermostat Bellows	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Thermostat Bellows	Mechanical Properties	Fatigue Resistance
Consumer	Coinage	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Coinage	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Cymbals	Appearance	Color
	Cymbals	Damping Characteristics	Sonority
	Cymbals	Mechanical Properties	Strength
	Power Conductor for Electro-Surgical Pencil	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Power Conductor for Electro-Surgical Pencil	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Power Conductor for Electro-Surgical Pencil	Mechanical Properties	Spring Properties
Electrical	Cold Headed Parts	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Cold Headed Parts	Conductivity (Thermal)	Thermal Conductivity
	Cold Headed Parts	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Cold Headed Parts	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Cold Headed Parts	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Electrical Connectors	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Electrical Connectors	Forming Characteristics	Excellent Formability
	Electrical Connectors	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Electrical Connectors	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Electrical Flexing Contact Blades	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Electrical Flexing Contact Blades	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Electrical Flexing Contact Blades	Mechanical Properties	High Endurance Limit
	Electrical Flexing Contact Blades	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Electrical Flexing Contact Blades	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Electronic Connectors	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Electronic Connectors	Forming Characteristics	Excellent Formability
	Electronic Connectors	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Electronic Connectors	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Fuse Clips	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Fuse Clips	Conductivity (Thermal)	Thermal Conductivity
	Fuse Clips	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Fuse Clips	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Fuse Clips	Solderability	Solderability
	Fuse Clips	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Switch Parts	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Switch Parts	Conductivity (Thermal)	Thermal Conductivity
	Switch Parts	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Switch Parts	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Switch Parts	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Switch Parts	Solderability	Solderability
	Switch Parts	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Wire Brushes	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Wire Brushes	Conductivity (Thermal)	Thermal Conductivity
	Wire Brushes	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Wire Brushes	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Wire Brushes	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Wire Brushes	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
Fasteners	Cotter Pins	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Cotter Pins	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Cotter Pins	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Cotter Pins	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Fasteners, Heavy Duty	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Fasteners, Heavy Duty	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Fasteners, Heavy Duty	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Lock Washers	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Lock Washers	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Lock Washers	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Lock Washers	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
Industrial	Beater Bar	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Beater Bar	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Beater Bar	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Beater Bar	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Beater Bar	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Bellows	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Bellows	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Bellows	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Bourdon Tubing	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Bourdon Tubing	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Bourdon Tubing	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Bourdon Tubing	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Chemical hardware	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Chemical hardware	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Chemical hardware	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Clips, Heavy Duty	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Clips, Heavy Duty	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Clips, Heavy Duty	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Clips, Heavy Duty	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Clutch Disks	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Clutch Disks	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Clutch Disks	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Clutch Disks	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Cold Headed Parts	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
	Cold Headed Parts	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Cold Headed Parts	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Cold Headed Parts	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Cold Headed Parts	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Diaphragms	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Diaphragms	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Diaphragms	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Diaphragms	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Doctor Blades, Paper Industry	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Doctor Blades, Paper Industry	Friction & Wear Properties	Good Wear Resistance
	Doctor Blades, Paper Industry	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Gears	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Gears	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Gears	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Gears	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Perforated Sheets	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Perforated Sheets	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Perforated Sheets	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Pinions	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Pinions	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Pinions	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Pinions	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Pneumatic Hammers	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Pneumatic Hammers	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Pneumatic Hammers	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Pneumatic Hammers	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Pneumatic Hammers	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Sleeve Bushings	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Sleeve Bushings	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Sleeve Bushings	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
	Sleeve Bushings	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Springs, Heavy Duty	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Springs, Heavy Duty	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Springs, Heavy Duty	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Springs, Heavy Duty	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Springs, Helical Extension	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Springs, Helical Extension	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Springs, Helical Extension	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
	Springs, Helical Extension	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
	Springs, Helical Torsion	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
Springs, Helical Torsion	Forming Characteristics	Formability
Springs, Helical Torsion	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
Springs, Helical Torsion	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
Textile machinery	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
Textile machinery	Forming Characteristics	Formability
Textile machinery	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
Textile machinery	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
Thrust Bearings	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
Thrust Bearings	Forming Characteristics	Formability
Thrust Bearings	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
Thrust Bearings	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
Thrust Bearings	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
Truss Wire	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
Truss Wire	Forming Characteristics	Formability
Truss Wire	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
Truss Wire	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
Welding Wire	Conductivity (Electrical)	Electrical Conductivity
Welding Wire	Conductivity (Thermal)	Thermal Conductivity
Welding Wire	Corrosion Resistance	Oxidation Resistance
Welding Wire	Softening Resistance	Resistance to Thermal Softening
Well Drill Equipment	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
Well Drill Equipment	Forming Characteristics	Formability
Well Drill Equipment	Friction & Wear Properties	Wear Resistance
Well Drill Equipment	Mechanical Properties	High Strength
Well Drill Equipment	Thermal Properties	Resistance to Stress Relaxation
Marine	Marine Parts	Conductivity (Thermal)	Thermal Conductivity
	Marine Parts	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance
	Marine Parts	Corrosion Resistance	Corrosion Resistance to Salt Water
	Marine Parts	Forming Characteristics	Formability
	Marine Parts	Mechanical Properties	High Strength

Applicable Specifications
Form	Application	System	Standard	Description
Bar		ASTM	B139/B139M	PHOSPHOR BRONZE ROD, BAR AND SHAPES
Bar		ASTM	B103/B103M	PHOSPHOR BRONZE PLATE, SHEET, STRIP AND ROLLED BAR
Electrode	Welding	AWS	A5.6	COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY COVERED ELECTRODES
Electrode	Welding	MILITARY	MIL-E-23765/3	ELECTRODES, WELDING, BARE, COPPER AND COPPER ALLOY
Plate		ASTM	B103/B103M	PHOSPHOR BRONZE PLATE, SHEET, STRIP AND ROLLED BAR
Rod	Welding	AWS	A5.15	WELDING RODS FOR WELDING CAST IRON
Rod		ASTM	B139/B139M	PHOSPHOR BRONZE ROD, BAR AND SHAPES
Shapes		ASTM	B139/B139M	PHOSPHOR BRONZE ROD, BAR AND SHAPES
Sheet		ASTM	B103/B103M	PHOSPHOR BRONZE PLATE, SHEET, STRIP AND ROLLED BAR
		SAE	J463	WROUGHT COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS
		SAE	J461	WROUGHT AND CAST COPPER ALLOYS
Strip		ASTM	B888/B88M	COPPER ALLOY STRIP FOR USE IN MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRICAL CONNECTORS OR SPRING CONTACTS
		SAE	J463	WROUGHT COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS
		ASTM	B103/B103M	PHOSPHOR BRONZE PLATE, SHEET, STRIP AND ROLLED BAR
		SAE	J461	WROUGHT AND CAST COPPER ALLOYS
Wire		ASTM	B159/B159M	PHOSPHOR BRONZE WIRE

Corrosion Properties
Environmental Category	Specific Environment	Resistance Level	Corrosion notes
Alkali	Aluminum Hydroxide	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Ammonium Hydroxide	Poor	Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation
	Barium Carbonate	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Barium Hydroxide	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Black Liquor, Sulfate Process	Fair	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Calcium Hydroxide	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Lime	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Lime-Sulfur	Fair	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Magnesium Hydroxide	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Potassium Carbonate	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Potassium Hydroxide	Good	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Sodium Bicarbonate	Good	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Sodium Carbonate	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Sodium Hydroxide	Good	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Sodium Phosphate	Excellent
	Sodium Silicate	Excellent	Corrosion increases at elevated temperatures and in presence of oxidizers such as chromates or hypochlorates
	Sodium Sulfide	Fair	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
Atmosphere	Atmosphere, Industrial	Excellent	Affected by pollutants and other environmental factors. Hydrogen sulfide causes rapid tarnishing.
	Atmosphere, Marine	Excellent	Protective green basic copper chloride or carbonate patina.
	Atmosphere, Rural	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
Chlor. organic	Carbon Tetrachloride, Dry	Excellent	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Carbon Tetracholoride, Moist	Good	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures
	Chloroform, Dry	Excellent	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Ethyl Chloride	Good	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Methyl Chloride, Dry	Excellent	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Trichlorethylene, Dry	Excellent	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Trichlorethylene, Moist	Good	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures
Fatty acid	Oleic Acid	Excellent	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Palmitic Acid	Good	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Stearic Acid	Good	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
Food/beverage	Beer	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Beet Sugar Syrups	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Cane Sugar Syrups	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Carbonated Beverages	Good	Acidity increases corrosion. May affect color or taste.
	Carbonated Water	Good	Acidity increases corrosion. May affect color or taste.
	Cider	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Coffee	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Corn Oil	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Cottonseed Oil	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Fruit Juices	Good	Acidity increases corrosion. May affect color or taste.
	Gelatine	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Milk	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Sugar Solutions	Excellent	May affect color or taste
	Vinegar	Good	Acidity increases corrosion. May affect color or taste.
Gas	Ammonia, Absolutely Dry	Excellent	Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture
	Ammonia, Moist	Poor	More corrosion resistant in dry gas
	Carbon Dioxide, Dry	Excellent	Corrosion increases with trace of moisture
	Carbon Dioxide, Moist	Good	More corrosion resistant in dry gas
	Hydrogen	Excellent	Copper and copper alloys containing copper oxide susceptible to attack
	Nitrogen	Excellent	Resistant at cryogenic and room temperatures
	Oxygen	Excellent	Scaling at elevated temperatures
Halogen gas	Bromine, Dry	Excellent	Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture
	Bromine, Moist	Good	More corrosion resistant in dry gas
	Chlorine, Dry	Excellent	Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture
	Chlorine, Moist	Fair	More corrosion resistant in dry gas
Hydrocarbon	Acetylene	Poor	Forms explosive compound in presence of moisture
	Asphalt	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Benzine	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Benzol	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Butane	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Creosote	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Crude Oil	Good	Careful consideration must be given to specific contaminants when selecting materials for this complex environment
	Freon	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Fuel Oil	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Gasoline	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Hydrocarbons, Pure	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Kerosene	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Natural Gas	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Paraffin	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Propane	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Tar	Not Recommended	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
	Turpentine	Excellent	Contaminants such as water, sulfides, acids and various organic compounds can increase corrosion significantly
Inorg. acid non-ox.	Boric Acid	Excellent	Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates
	Carbolic Acid	Good	Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates
	Hydrobromic Acid	Fair	Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates
	Hydrochloric Acid	Fair	Generally limted to applications in cold, oxidizer free, dilute (<1%) or concentrated solutions
	Hydrocyanic Acid	Poor	Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation
	Hydrofluoric Acid	Fair	Generally limted to applications in cold, oxidizer free, dilute (<1%) or concentrated solutions
	Hydrofluosilicic Acid	Good	Generally limted to applications in cold, oxidizer free, dilute (<1%) or concentrated solutions
	Phosphoric Acid	Good	Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates
	Sulfuric Acid	Good	Not suitable for hot concentrated solutions
Inorg. acid ox.	Chromic Acid	Poor	Severe oxidizing environment.
	Nitric Acid	Poor	Severe oxidizing environment.
	Sulfurous Acid	Good	Increased corrosion at elevated temperatures and with oxidizers including oxygen (air), dichromates, permanganates and sulfates
Liquid metal	Mercury	Poor	Severe liquid metal embrittlement
Miscellaneous	Glue	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Linseed Oil	Good	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Rosin	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Sewage	Excellent	Corrosion affected by salt concentration, temperature, velocity, dissolved oxygen content and pollutants.
	Soap Solutions	Excellent	Corrosion affected by salt concentration, temperature, velocity, dissolved oxygen content and pollutants.
	Varnish	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
Neutral/acid salt	Alum	Good
	Alumina	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Aluminum Chloride	Good	Strong agitation and aeration increases corrosion
	Aluminum Sulfate	Good	Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions
	Ammonium Chloride	Poor	Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation
	Ammonium Sulfate	Fair	Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation
	Barium Chloride	Good	Strong agitation and aeration increases corrosion
	Barium Sulfate	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Barium Sulfide	Fair	High zinc content alloys preferred
	Calcium Chloride	Excellent	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Carbon Disulfide	Good	High zinc content alloys preferred
	Magnesium Chloride	Good	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Magnesium Sulfate	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Potassium Chloride	Excellent	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Potassium Cyanide	Poor	Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation
	Potassium Dichromate Acid	Poor	Highly oxidizing under acidic conditions
	Potassium Sulfate	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Sodium Bisulfate	Good	Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions
	Sodium Chloride	Excellent	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Sodium Cyanide	Poor	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Sodium Dichromate, Acid	Poor	Highly oxidizing under acidic conditions
	Sodium Sulfate	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Sodium Sulfite	Good	Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions
	Sodium Thiosulfate	Fair	High zinc content alloys preferred
	Zinc Chloride	Fair	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Zinc Sulfate	Good	Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions
Org. solvent	Acetone	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
	Alcohols	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
	Amyl Acetate	Excellent
	Amyl Alcohol	Excellent
	Butyl Alcohol	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
	Ethers	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
	Ethyl Acetate	Excellent
	Ethyl Alcohol	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
	Lacquer Solvents	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
	Methyl Alcohol	Excellent
	Toluene	Excellent	Resistant up to 200F unless contaminated by water, acids, alkalies or salts
Organic acid	Acetic Acid	Good	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Acetic Anhydride	Good	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Benzoic Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Butyric Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Chloracetic Acid	Good	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Citric Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Formic Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Lactic Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Oxalic Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Tannic Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Tartaric Acid	Excellent	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Trichloracetic Acid	Good	Useful corrosion resistance in absence of oxidizers such as oxygen (air), oxidizing salts and >5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
Organic comp.	Aniline	Fair	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Aniline Dyes	Fair	Corrosion rate increases at elevated temperatures or with traces of moisture
	Castor Oil	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Ethylene Glycol	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Formaldehyde	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Furfural	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Glucose	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Glycerine	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Lacquers	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
Oxidizing salt	Ammonium Nitrate	Poor	Reduced corrosion resistance due to soluble complex ion formation
	Bleaching Powder, Wet	Good	Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Borax	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Bordeaux Mixture	Excellent	Low corrosion rates, no localized attack
	Calcium Bisulfite	Good	Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Calcium Hypochlorite	Good	Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Copper Chloride	Fair	Severe oxidizing environment.
	Copper Nitrate	Fair	Oxidizing environment
	Copper Sulfate	Good	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Ferric Chloride	Poor	Severe oxidizing environment.
	Ferric Sulfate	Poor	Severe oxidizing environment.
	Ferrous Chloride	Good	Strong agitation and aeration increases corrosion
	Ferrous Sulfate	Good	Hydrolylsis produces weak acidic condition
	Hydrogen Peroxide	Good	Oxidizing environment
	Mercury Salts	Poor	Noble metal salt, plates on copper surface
	Potassium Chromate	Excellent	Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions
	Silver Salts	Poor	Noble metal salt, plates on copper surface
	Sodium Bisulfite	Good	Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Sodium Chromate	Excellent	Suitable for neutral or alkaline conditions
	Sodium Hypochlorite	Fair	Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Sodium Nitrate	Good	Useful corrosion resistance with moderate oxidizers levels and <5% chlorides. Optimum resistance at room temperature and above boiling point.
	Sodium Peroxide	Fair	Oxidizing environment
Sulfur comp.	Hydrogen Sulfide, Dry	Excellent	Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture
	Hydrogen Sulfide, Moist	Poor	High zinc content alloys preferred
	Sulfur Chloride, Dry	Excellent	Rapid corrosion increases with traces of moisture
	Sulfur Dioxide, Dry	Excellent	Scaling at elevated temperatures
	Sulfur Dioxide, Moist	Good	Mixed oxide and sulfide scale forms
	Sulfur Trioxide, Dry	Excellent	Corrosion increases with trace of moisture
	Sulfur, Dry	Good	High zinc content alloys preferred
	Sulfur, Molten	Poor	Forms non-protective copper sulfide
Water	Brines	Excellent	Increased corrosion with oxidizers, e.g. oxygen (air), chlorine, hypochlorites and ferric ions. Refer to specific salt solution ratings.
	Mine Water	Fair	Acidic waters containing oxidizers are highly corrosive.
	Sea Water	Excellent	Corrosion affected by salt concentration, temperature, dissolved oxygen content and pollutants. Erosion-corrosion at moderate velocities.
	Steam	Excellent	Resistant to pure steam. Carbon dixide, dissolved oxygen or ammonia can increase corrosion.
	Water, Potable	Excellent	Corrosion affected by water chemistry (mineral content, acidity) system design and fabrication. Free carbon dioxide can cause pitting in cold water. Pitting in hot water caused by cathodic deposits. Erosion-corrosion at high velocities.